CJC-1295 / REFERENCES
CJC-1295 references: every figure on this site, traced to its source.
The peer-reviewed studies and reviews this console draws from, with journal, year, DOI, PMID, and a direct link. The pulsatility, half-life, and synergy claims all resolve here.
How this reference list is organized
Every quantitative claim in this CJC-1295 console maps to a numbered citation below. The core human pharmacokinetic findings — the 5.8-to-8.1-day half-life, the +7.5-fold basal GH, the +45% IGF-1, the preserved pulse pattern — come from references 1 and 3 [1][3]. The preclinical bioconjugation and receptor data come from references 2 and 4 [2][4]. The remaining entries cover the proteomic, analytical, synergy, and review literature that situates the compound in its class. Where a study is paywalled, the linked abstract and DOI remain the canonical record.
The human evidence (references 1, 3, 5)
Three human studies carry most of what is reliably known. Teichman 2006 established the pharmacokinetics — the dose-dependent multi-day rise in GH and IGF-1 and the 5.8-to-8.1-day half-life [1]. Ionescu/Frohman 2006 established the pulsatility result — basal GH up roughly 7.5-fold and IGF-1 up about 45% at one week, with pulse frequency and amplitude unaltered [3]. Sackmann-Sala 2009 added the proteomic dimension, finding reproducible serum-protein shifts that correlated with IGF-1 — candidate biomarkers of axis activation [5].
All three are early-phase work in healthy adults. None is a large efficacy or long-term safety trial, and that absence is itself part of the record this site reports [1].
The preclinical and class literature (references 2, 4, 6-15)
The preclinical foundation is Jette 2005, which identified CJC-1295 as the lead long-lasting GRF analog and showed the 4-fold GH AUC advantage over unconjugated peptide in rats [2], and Alba 2006, which showed once-daily CJC-1295 normalized growth in GHRH-knockout mice [4]. The synergy literature behind the ipamorelin pairing — the GHRH-plus-GHRP supra-additive effect, ghrelin potentiation, and differential pulsatile control — is references 8, 9, and 10 [8][9][10].
The analytical entries (references 6, 11, 12) document how CJC-1295 and its class are detected, including the LC-MS/MS identification of the compound in a seized preparation [6]. References 7 and 13 cover the episodic-versus-continuous GHRH physiology and GHRH-analog wound-healing work [7][13]. References 14 and 15 are recent reviews situating GHRH analogs in endocrinology and aging research [14][15].
- Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
- Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
- Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
- Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
- Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
- Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
- Greater efficacy of episodic than continuous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) administration on GH release. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3). ↗
- Determinants of GH-releasing hormone and GH-releasing peptide synergy in men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009. ↗
- Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced GH secretion. Endocrinology. 2002. ↗
- Differential pulsatile secretagogue control of GH secretion in healthy men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013. ↗
- Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. ↗
- Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016. ↗
- Agonistic analogs of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) promote wound healing. Oncotarget. 2016. ↗
- Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗
- Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Front Aging. 2026. ↗